Pain and Graphic Tablet

Pain aur graphic tablet bhi input device main shumar hotain hain. Inn ka isstamal aam toor par wo loog ziada kartain hain jinhain kisi no-e-yt ka drawing ka kam karna hoga. Jaisey taamerati naqshey bananey aur artist loog. Iss main ek pain hota hai jis main kisi qisim ki roshnaaye nahi isstamal hoti bal key ek selet ki shakal ki digital divice key upper iss ko isstamal kyajata hai. Lekin jub iss selet numa divice par iss pen ki madad sey kuch drawing kya jata hai to screen par issi tarha ki drawing hoti hai.

Scanner

Input device main agla number scanner ka hai. Yephoto graphic image, alterations aur drawing ko digitalshakaal main computer key under input karney key lye isstamal hotey hain. Iss ki do kismain hain. Ek flat bedscanner aur dosra hand held scanner. Flat bed scanner ki misaal ek photo state machine ki tarhaa hai. Issi tarha iss main aap tasweer ya drawing rakhtain hain aur wo computer main input ki jaati hai. Jub ek hand held scanner ko haanth key zarye tasweer ya drawing paer chala kar input kya jata hai. Scanner key zarye jab koe tasweer ya graphic image input kar latey hain to badazan issey kisi photo editer program key zarye edit kya jaa sakta hai. Jahan tak scanner ko CPU key saath laganey ka maamla hai to (scsi) port, peralal port aur (USB) port par lagaya jasakta hai.

Microphone

Jab sey computer aawaz record karney ka ehal howa hai micro phone ko bhi input device main ek eham muqaam hasil hogaya hai. Ager aawaz ki recordingkey lye koe alag sey program naa bhi ho to window kaapna zaati sound recorder hai. Sound ko input karney ka sub sey bunyaadi zarya micro phone hai. Iss key zarye aap apni awaaz ko record kar key mukhtalif mawakey isstamal karsktey hain. Issey voice mail key toor par bheja jaskta hai. Aur to aur windows key mukhtalif kaam karney key mokey per jo awaazain hoti hain inn ki jagha apni awaaz ko shamil karsktain hain.
Jub sey internet key zarye beroon mumaalik (foreign countries) main phone karney ki sahoolat ka isstamal start howa hai iss waqt sey micron phone ko ek PC ka lazmi hisaa tasaver kya jaaney laga hai. Micro phone laganey key ley sound card key upper ek pin di gaye hai iss main micro phone ki pin laga-e jaskti hai. Jin board key under bilton sound card hain inn main alag sey ek pin whole dya gaaya hota hai.

Keyboard

Shroo mein input device ke tor per sirf ek aala estamal hota tha jise keyboard kehte hain. Ye ek type writer ki manind aala hai. Jis me bilkul esi tarah hurf-e-tahajji aur aadad ke leye button banein hote hain jis tarah ke type writer mein hote hain. Lekin is key sath sath es mein kuch izafi button bhi de diye gaye jin ko computer ke mukhtalif aafal me istamal kiya jata hai. Jab ap computer istamal kerna shroo karain gey to mukhtalif noyat ke kam kerne ke leye in button ka estamal ap ki samajh me aa jae ga. In mein F1se ley ker F12 takfunction button hote hain. 2 alt, 2 ctrl, ek ek delet, insert, home, end, page down, print scrn, scroll lock, break, num lock hote hai. In ke elawa 2 jaghon per arrow button hote hai jin se scrolling ka kam liya jata hai. Ek infradi set hota hai jin me up, down, right aur left arrow button shamil hai jab ke dosra set numeric key pad me hota hai jab numlock button off hota hai to numbers wale button arrow buttono ke tor per istamal ho sakte hain.
keyboard aj bhi computer ka ek aeham jaz tasaver hota hai aur data input ke leye is se kam liya jata hai. Jo data ap type ker rahe hote hain wo computer ko input ker rahe hote hain. Esi waja se bunyadi input device ke tor per keyboard hi se kam liya jata hai. Keyboard lagane key leye alag se ek port her motherboard me rakhi jati hai. Yeseries port ya PS/2 port kehlati hai.

Mouse

Ager-cha keyboard nehayat aeham aur bunyadi input device ki hesiyat rakhta hai. Lekin ek nu-amoz ke leye is ka istamal Etna asan nahi hai. Aaj bhi jaded programs mein key board istamal kerne walo ke leye keyboard shortcut banae jate hain lekin ibtada me jo programs aatey thein in mein ziyada ter kam keyboard ki madad se hi hota tha.is me jo kabahat thi wo ye key istamal kananda-gan ko sekro ke hisab se commands yaad kerne ki zarorat hoti thi. Es masle ko hal kerne ke leye ek aesi device ke bare me socha gaya jis ke zarye screen per kisi chez ko point ker ke kam kiya ja sake.is ka hal akhir kar zero case corporation engenears ne talash kiya jis ke natije me mouse wajod me aa gaya.
Mouse ko shroo hi me Macintosh ne apne APPLE computer ke leye apna lia lekin IBM aur is sye mutabeqat rakhne wale computers me es ka istamal bohat bad me shroo howa. Windows ki aamad ke bad mouse ka istamal ba-tad-rej na-guzer hota gaya aur aaj mouse ke bagair ek PC ka tasaver bhi nahi kiya ja sakta. Ek mouse ki mojodgi ki waja se ab ap ko kisi qisim ka command yaad rakhne ki zarorat nahi hoti. Her kam ke leye screen per ek icone bana diya jata hai. Ye kisi bhi kam ki tasveri numaen-da-ge hai. Yani agar screen main kisi jagha par ek icon ho gaa to iss ka sidha sadhaa mutlub ye hai k ye icon printing k lye hai. Mouse ki nishandahi screen par ek tirchee arrow ki shakal main hooti hai. Mouse ko jis simt harkat di jaa ti hai ye arrow issi simt harkat karta hai. Screen par kisi bhi Icon ya object par iss arrow ko la kar jub mouse button press kya ja ta hai to gooya hum computer ko koe makhsoos kam karne ka hukam daitain hain.
Mouse main do button hotain hain jin mein ek button primary button aur dosra secondary button kehlata hai. Windows k puraaney version main mouse k secondary button ka isstamal naa honey k baraber thaa. Lekin windows 98 aur iss k bad secondary button ka isstamal bohut barhgayaa hai. Aam tor-par primary button koclick karna ho to faqat click karney ka lafaz isstamal hota hai jub secondary button ka isstamal karna ho to iss k lye right click karney ka lafaz isstamal kya jata hai. Input device main ehamiyat kay hisab sey mouse ka dosra number hai.
Aaj kal mouse ki jo kismain isstamal harahi hain wo darjazail hain.
Serial Mouse:

ye mouse serial port lagta hai. Puraaney sey ley kar jaded tareen computers tak iss mouse ko isstamal kya jaskta hai kyun k serial port har PC main mojood hoti hai. Ports k barey main hum aagey chal kar parhain gey.
PS2 (PS/2) Mouse:

Ye mouse bhi serial mouse ki tarha he kam karta hai. Pehley aaney wali Branded machinoo jisey 386 wagherah main bhi isstamal hota thaa lekin humarey yahan ban-ney wali machinoo main iss ka isstamal P2 sey aam howa hai kyun k iss processor key lye isstamal honey waley mother board main ye port rakhi gaye thee jub k puraani machinoo par iss ko allag sey lagana parta thaa. Iss port k aaney sey naaye machinoo main serial port farigh ho gayee is ki waja sey inn machinoo main external modem aur digar serial devices k laganey ki sahoolat hogaye hai.
Wireless Mouse:

Wireless mouse ko agercha kisim k aitbar sey alag kya jaa sakta hai kyun k is ko PC k saath laganey key lye koe cable isstamal nahi hoti bal k is ski bajeye infrared showaaon sey kam lya jaata hai lekin inn showaaon key signal kabool karney wala aala serial ya PS port key saath he mansalik hota hai.

Component of Computer

Aaj se 15 years peche chale jain to jo computer hamain ma-ya-sar the wo intehaye sada the for example XT processor ke hamil computers me giney chuney ajza hote the jese ek mother board, ek display card, ek i/o card aur ziyada se ziyada 2mega bit ram ke sath tashkeel pane wali ye machine ager-cha aj ke dor ke mutabeq bohat mehdod istadad ki hamil thi layken is waqt in ki hesiyat bhi inkalabi machines ki sit thi. Ek mechanical type writer ya ek electronic type writer se behter kam baher-hal in main bhi ho sakta tha kun ke ye machine word processor ki badolat editing ki behter saholeyat farham kerta hai.
Is ke bad AT machine ka dor aya. Es me pehli machine 286 aur phir 386 ke naam se aye. In me windows ke ibtada-e version install ho sakte the aur window ki badolat in me mouse ka istamal bhi mumkin ho gaya. Es leye in ke kam kerne ke tareke aur raftar me bhi khatir-kha farq para. Es ke bad 486 ka dor aya. Ye 66 se le ker 100 mega hertz ki machine apne se pehle mojod machines ki nisbat ziyadah fa-al thi. Ye apne dor ki inkalabi machine is leye kehla sakti thi ke in mein multi media machine ka agaz howa. Aaj agar-cha ziyada arsa nahi guzra layken computer ki dunya me ek zaber dast tabdili aa chuki hai. Computer hardware mein ab is kadar tanow aa gaya hai ke is ke tamam ajza ka aaht-ta kerna bohat mushkil hai. Ab PC mehaz ward processor ke leye istamal nahi hota hai balke is se kai kam leye jate hai. jese k es ne tamam daftar amor sanbhal leye hain. Multi media khsosiyat ke badolat ab communication mein es ko istamal kiya ja raha hai. Iinternet kay zarye dunya simat gai hai. Log ek dosre se internet ke zarye telephonic guftugu ker rahe hai. Screen ke zarye chating ek aam si bat hogai hay. E-mail ke zarye ab ap apne peghamaat dunya k ek kone se dosre kone tak pohcha rahe hain. Aaj ki machine ne insan ko jaha roshnai aur qalam se azad ker diya hai waha fun ki dunya me bhi is ke aa-ne se bohat bari tabdili ho rahi hai. Ab ek computer user artist bhi hai.
Jaha tak computer ke is ertaqa-e safar ka taluq hai to jin machines ka upper zikar howa hai in key aa-nay mein kafi arsa laga hai leyken Pentium series shuroo hoe is ki release bohat tezi se howa aur palak jhapkte he hum P4 tak pohanch gaye hain.
Ager computer ke ajza ko mehaz ek nazar me dekha jaye to is me baher se mushayedah kerne per humay chand hi chezain nazar aaien gi. Pehle hum yaha inhe chezon se ap taruf badi-ul-nazar dikhai de rahi hoti hai.

System Unit

Computer darasal yehi chez hai jo ek box ki shape me tower ki sorat me nazar ati hai ya phir monitor ke niche rakha nazar ata hai. Esy ap bunyadi chez tasver ker sakte hain.is me hi wo tamam purze lage hote hai jin ke zerye kam hota hai.jo digar chizein hume dekhai de rahi hoti haiin sab ko isi unit ke sath jora gaya gaya hota hai.is me aam tor per pechli simt me kai tarein laga ker computer ke digar ajza ko jora gaya hota hai.
Computer ke zerye jo kam kiya jata hai is ko ye his-sa process kerta hai. Esi waja se ise centre processpr unit bhi kaha jata hai. Agar-cha centre processor se murad processor hota hai layken kio ke wo tamam kam jo computer ker sakta hai yahin se process ho ker mukhtalif shaklo me hum tak pohanchte hai is leye ese bhi c.p.u keh diya jata hai.
Is markaz-i-his-se ko samajhne ke bad ab hum baqi ajza ko 3 bari kismo me parh sakte hain jinka taluq is markaz-e his-se se hota hai. Jab hum is se processing ka kam lytey hain to process karne key liye humain zororat hoti hai ke hum is ko data fraham kere. Jo alat hum computer ko data farham karney key leye istamal kerte hain inhe computer ki zaban me input devices kehte hain.
Jo kam hum input alat ki madad se es centre processor unit ko dete hain lazmi tor per hume in ke nata-ej bhi darkar hote hai. Nata-ej ke leye is machine ke sath jo alat lagaye jate hain inhe output devices kehte hain.
Is ke elawa tisri aeham aur bunyadi kisim bhi hai jise storage media kehte hai. Computer mein ye salahyat bhi hai ke wo na sirf ap ke taraf se sonpe gaye kam ko ser anjam deta hai balke ap ki saholyat ki khatir esye next time istamal kerne ke leye mehfoz ker sakta hai. Es ke leye kai tarah ke alat istamal hote hain.

History of PC and Software

Kya ap samajhte hain key ap samne rakha computer mehez ek itafak se ban gaya? jab ap apne computer ki power on kerte ho to iska processor apna kaam start kerta hai. Ye is kadar taqatwar hai ke bhari bharkum operating system ko lamha bhar me load ker leta hai. Is ke graphic card rang brangi aur hangama khez khelein screen per dekhata hai. Is ka web browser dunya me malumat ko chashm-e-zadan screen per dekhata hai .Kya ye tamam chezein khod bakhod ikkhattay ho ker ap ki khidmat me hazir ho gai hai? Tecnology ka ye tal mail bhi itafak hai? jee nahi!bilkul aesa nahi hai. Pechle chand barsoon se baqa-ye-da mansuba bandi ke zarye es bat ka faisla kiya jaraha hai k ek miyari computer me kuch hona chaye.PC ki takhsis ka faisla INTEL aur Microsoft ki sarbrahi mai computer industry ki bari bari companies kerti hai. Ek PC ke leye takhsis (specification) ka aaghaz PC97 se howa. PC ke leye ek miyar teh kerne ka maksad ye tha ke sahe software aur hardware ke imtazaj se aesa PC mutaref keraya jae jo bhar-pur karkerdagi ka muzahira ker sake. 97 mein ki jane wali takhsis me computers ke leye P120 aur P166 processor ka intakhab howa. Ye intakhab kerne wali companies mai Microsoft aur INTEL sar-e-fehrest hain. 1999 ke doran mojoda processor P233 tha. Ab ye dono companies U.S market ke leye PC2001 ka mayar tey ker chuki hai. Is ka final draft may 2000 main release ho chukka hai. Yahan hum jaeza lein gey ke is takhsis me kiya kiya kuch shamil kiya gaya.
PC99 ki takhsis me chand chezoon ko khatam kar dene ki nishan-dahi ki gai thi. Is silsiley mei ISA slot, parallel, series aur games parties hadaf the. 99 ke mayar me in chezon ka ekhtiyari tor per ejazat thi laken ab hone wali takhsis me ye cezein lazmi qarar de di gai hain ke mustaqbil ka PC in ports ke elawa ps/2 ports say bhi mubar-ra hoga. Is tarha purane floppy drivers controller ko bhi khatam kr deya jaye ga. Muta-ba-dil taja-wez ATAPI ki bunyad per bane wali driver ki hai jese supper disk driver aur aese drivers jin ki bunyad USB per hai. Dosri tarafye bhi mayar aissa hai ke preferable devices ko naye conectors key sath laya jae ga. Jis ka sidha sadha matlab ye hai k agle saal ap jo chez kharede gaye inhe purane computer ke sath milana mumken nai hoga ta-hum aisay adopter aaney ka imkan zaror mojood hai jo USB se serial/parallel ke leye rabte ka kaam ker sake gayen. Graphic ke hawale se mayar bohat buland rakha gaya hai. Ek video device ke leye zarori qrar daya gaya hai ke wo dohre buffer ki do jehti 2D screen aur 32bit color me kam se kam display 1024x768 ho jab ke 3D ke leye kam az kam display 16 bit color ke humrah 16 bit z-buffer krar di gai. Ye bhi kaha ja raha hai ke P.C kam az kam 6mega bit rim aur directX se mutabikat rakhne wale display ke sath aye ge. Audio ke miyar ko bhi behter banane ki sa-ei ki gai. Tamam computer lazmi tor per 1KHz.44 aur 48 kilo hertz sound play karnay ke ae-hel hon ge aur is ki tamam device full duplex hon gay is se murad ye hai ke computer input aur output ko back waqt sambhal sake ga. Es hawale se wazahat ki gye hai ke tamaam system kuch makhsos alaat se lays hon ge jese microphone khas tor per is waqt jab ke awaz ko samajhne wale programe istamal hon ge to in chezon ki zarorat barh jaye gi. Mustaqbil ke computers ke hawale se sab se aeham bat ye hai ke ise easy PC ka naam diya gaya hai. Es mei istamal kananda ke leye pehli martaba PC ke setup ko asan banane ke azam ka izhar hai. Es report ke mutala se pata chalta hai ke ek mahir sirf 30min me jab k eek no-amoz 1hour me P.C ka setup kr lay ga aur ek dafa ise rehnumai ki zarorat pare gi.
Easy PC ka bunyadi maksad ye hai ke koi bhi admi mehaz 15min me is ko tyar ker ke chalane ke kabil bana sake. Es silsiley mei her eqdamat ke leye label box diye gaye hain. Qadam ba qadam tasveri andaz me guide kiya gaya hai.mehaz modals ke leye taroon aur connectors ko mukhtalif rang de diye gaye hain.
Ek chez jis ka computer istamal kerne wala intazar ker raha hai aur jo 99 ki takhsis me bhi mojod thi, ye ke istamal kanandah ke leye kam az kam 2 adad USB ports honi chaye. Matlab ye ke ports PC ke samne ki janib ho ta ke istamal-e-kananda ko USB device munsalik kerne me kisi kisim ki perishani na ho jesa ke ab tak chala aata hai ke tamam chezon ke connector computer ki pusht me lagaya jata hai aur baaz awqat chezon ko munsalik kerne me khasi dushwari ka samna kerna perta hai. Es ka matlab ye bhi hai ke mouse aur key board ke elawa 2 adad free USB ports dastiyab honi chaye.
Computer start hote hi pehla amal “power on self test”ka kerta hai jise post kehte hain. new computers ki takhsis me ye bat bhi shamil hain ke post ka doranya kam se kam ho. Naye miyar ke mutabik is ke leye ziyada se ziyada waqt 7 second tey kiya gaya hai. It’s mean computer on honay ke bad sirf 7sec mein post ka amal ker ke operating system load kerna start ker de ga.
Agar aap 2001 ka computer kharidna chahte hain to is silsile me tey hone wale miyar se ba khabar hona zorori hai. Es ki tafsil kuch yon hai.

Standard PC

C.P.U 667 mega Hz speed
Ceshea ram 128K bit
Ram 64mega bit
Windows 2000 ke leye, 128 mega bit
Ports 2 USB
Video video play back, DVI
Storage hard drive, CD ya DVD

History of PC and Software

PERSONAL computer jise hum P.C kehte hain computer ki wo qisim hai jo sab se ziyada istamal ho rahi hai. Gharon, daftaron aur karobari jaghon per in ke istamal main roz-ba-roz izafa horaha hai. Is ki kahani bari munfared aur dil chasp hai. Ye kamyabiyon aur nakamyon ki ek naqabil-e-framosh dastan hai. Is ke hawale se bohat se aese log manzar-e-aam per aaye jin ko puri dunya janti hai aur jinhe waqai dolat, shorat aur izat nasib hoi.
Sub se pehela personal computer Altair (Mits Altair) tha. Ye 1975 main banaya gaya layken ye ek bari simachine the is me na tu koi key board tha aur na hi screen thi. is ke bajae mukhtalef kisamo ke switch aur dail the is ko dekhne ke bad do shaksh ne personal computer banane per kamar bista hogaye. In dono kay name STEVE tha. APPLE ke naam se in ka personal computer 1977 me samne aya.1981 ke mosam-e-garma main I.B.M ne apni personal computer ka elaan kiya. Is se pehle market me sirf APPLE compter dastiyab tha. APPLE computer zati istamal ke leye 1977 me samne aaya aur key board aur screen kay aasan istamal ki badolat inhe bari kamyabi haseel hoi. Pehle APPLE computer jis ke naam APPLEi tha commercial tor per kamyabi hasil na hoi layken APPLEii ne jald hi market me apna muqam bana liya. Darasal ye do chezon ka majmuaa tha ek to APPLEii computer aur dosri chez wo software tha jo is ki kamyabi ki zamanat bana. Visicalc kay naam se ek capered sheet program tha jis ne karobari tabqe ki tawaja haseel kerli aur APPLE computer market me kamyab ho gai. Layken jab I.B.M ka personal computer market me aya to is ne sirf 18 years ke qalel arsay main sab se ziyada share haseel ker le is se bhi ziyada important baat ye hai kay I.B.M ki machine industary ka meyaar qarar paie.
Is machine ki numaya khsosiyat main 80 chractor screen line, mukammal upper aur loyar case ki board aur ezafi memory lagane ki saholiyat shamil thi. Is ke elawa I.B.M ne interal expansion slots ki saholiyat bhi farham ki jis ki badolat degar menufacturals ke leye bhi kam kerne kay mawaqey peda howe aur inho ne I.B.M machine ke leye peripheral devices banana shoro ker diya.
I.B.M ne apni machine ke leye digar logon ko bhi maad-o kiya. In hon ne mukhtalif companies ko hardware aur software ki list faraham ki jo in ki machine ke leye products tayar kerna chahe ker sakta hai. Agar-cha ye products tayar kerne walon ko bhi fawaid haseel howe layken in ke badolat bil-wasta tor per I.B.M ke P.C ki talab me izafa howa aur is tarah nai companies bhi I.B.M ke farogh mai madadgar sabit hoi.
P.C ko tyar kar ne kay leye hardware ki koi pabandi na thi aur is me ghair mulki pur-zay lagaye gaye yani ye kisi khas juz ka paband nahi tha isi saholat ke ba-es digar companies ne bhi P.C standerd ke mutabik machine tyar kerni shiro kar diye. Inhain istalahan P.C se mutibikat rakhne wale computer ya clones ka naam daya gaya. In computers per wo tamam programs install ho sakte hai jo I.B.M ke P.C per chalaye ja sakte hain. Aj kal ke maroof manufacture example compac, dell, getway waghera jo machine banna rahe hain wo sub I.B.M ki clones hai. Is ke elawa wo computer bhi in me shamil hai jo Pakistan main muqami satah mukhtalif hardware ke imtazaj se isam-bal kiye ja rahe hain. Darasal personal computer ki market me yehi clones he chaye howey hain aur I.B.M ka sirf naam is se kahin ziyada hai jitney is ke P.C is waqt market me hain.
Computer industary ki tarekh main markaz nigah taizye se badalta howa hardware hi raha hai lakeen ab P.C ki tarekh main software ko bhi khas hesiyat hasel hogai hai. Software ki duniya per is waqt Microsoft corporation ka qabza hai. Microsoft ne hi pehle pehal asli I.B.M computers ke leye M.S-DOS kay naam se operating system faraham kiya. Ye operating system zahir hai I.B.M ki clones per bhi istamal ho sakta tha is leye jese jese P.C ko farogh mila isi rafta se Microsoft corporation ne bhi taraqei ke madarej tey kiye. Ek choti si company ab ek bohat bari software state ban choki hai. Operating system ki dunya ab tak koi company is ka muqabla nai ker saki. Is ne bohat zabardast qisim ki operating system windows ki series ki sorat me computer industry ko diya.
Windows opreting system jin computer per istamal hote hai in me ziyada ter INTEL corporation ke processor istamal howe, in dono ke imtazaj se ek naya naam WINTEL wajood me aya aur inho ne mil ker P.C ko duniya ka maqbol tareen computer bana diya, ab hardware aur software ki takhses yehi dono companies kerti hai.

Bill Gates

ab Bill Gates abhi af-wan shabab mai tha esy computer key sath dilchaspi ho gai. Es key waldain esy qanon-dan bana-na chahty thain lykin jab in ki khahish per bill apney diwangi ki had tak pay jane waly shoq ko kher-bad keh kar 1974 main Harwood chala gaya to enhain waqae herat hoi. Bill Gates ney University join karne ke bad apne shoq ko mukammal tor per kher-bad nahe kaha balke hafty ke ekhtatam per wo apne dost Paul Allen key yahan chala jata aur dono dost mil-kar aik personal computer key bary mai khab dekhty rehty jis ka us waqt wajod tak na tha. Jab MITS Altair, pehla personal computer January 1975 mai farokht key liye market kiya gaya to Bill aur Paul dono esy qareeb sey dekhny ke liye gay aur apne nisab key sath sath es key liye kaam karney ka mansoba bhi bana liya. Agarcha dono ney milkar MITS ky liye aik software tayar kiya lekin es key haqoq apney pas he rakhain aur aik company ki bunyad rakhi jisay Microsoft ka naam diya gaya.
Jab MITS na-kam ho gaya to Bill Getts aur Paul apni company ko Washington ley gay. 1980 mai in key company mulazmin ki tadad 32 thi. Es waqt IBM abhi personol computer ki dunya mai nai ward honey wali company thi leykin Bill Getts risk leny sey zara bhar bhi na hich-kichaya es ney pehly sey tayar shuda aikoperating system kharida aur es ko nay sery say tayar kar key MS-Dos yani disk operating system ki sorat mai new operating system tayar kar diya. Yahe wo product thi jis ne Microsoft corporation ko baam urooj tak pohcha diya aur aaj her soo es ka danka baj raha hai.

Types of Computer

No-e-yat aur sakht ke aytabar se computer ki 4 aiqsam hain. Her qism alag alag maqaasid ke husul ke liye istamal hoti hai.

Main Frame

Main Frame ka shumar sab se mehangay computer me hota hai. inhain kharedna, chalana, in ki dekh bhal kerna aur inhain operat kerna, garz sabhi kam mehnge hain. In ka istamal aam tor per is jaga hota hai jaha kai zarye se data in put ki bari maqdar hasil hoti hai. Bare Bare maleyati adarye apne rozmarrah hisab kitab ke leye inhe istamal kerte hain. Main frame ki istadad ka andaza is bat se lagaya ja sakta hai ke in ki ibtada giga bit se hoti hai aur tera bit tak data to in me aam istamal hota hai.ek waqt aesa tha jab in ki shanakht corporate business ke sath thi. Karobari adarye apni information ki zaroreyat ke leye inhi per inhisar karte hai. Laykin micro computer ki takat aur karkurdagi me izafay ki badolat main frame computer ka kerdar daramai andaz me tabdel howa hai.

Is kisim ke computer kasir-ul-maksad aur ousat size ke hote hai. In ko is tarah design kia jata hai ke bohat se loge ek hi waqt me istamal ker sakte hai. Mini Computer bhi is tarah kam kerte hai jis tarah main frame kerte hai. Agar in me kuch ektalaf hai to wo istamal kunan-da-gan ki tadad hai. Ek Mini Computer istamal kerne walo ki tadad main frame istamal kerne walo se bohat kam hoti hai. Ta*-hum ye darmiyane darjey ki Companies aur bari Companies ke infradi shoboon ki zaroriyat puri ker sakti hai.

Mini Computer

Is kisim ke computer kasir-ul-maksad aur ousat size ke hote hai. In ko is tarah design kia jata hai ke bohat se loge ek hi waqt me istamal ker sakte hai. Mini Computer bhi is tarah kam kerte hai jis tarah main frame kerte hai. Agar in me kuch ektalaf hai to wo istamal kunan-da-gan ki tadad hai. Ek Mini Computer istamal kerne walo ki tadad main frame istamal kerne walo se bohat kam hoti hai. Ta­-hum ye darmiyane darjey ki Companies aur bari Companies ke infradi shoboon ki zaroriyat puri ker sakti hai.

Super Computer

Super Computer se murad ek aesi khsosi machine hai jo is tarha design ki jati hai ke hosh-ruba raftar se processing ka amal ker sake. Kam kerny ki taiz-tareen raftar ke ba-es hi esye super Computer ka naam dia gaya hai. Es sey aam tor per data ki aesi bari maqdar ko process kerne ka kam lia jata hai jis tarah lakho ki tadad me calculation kerne ki zarorat hoti hai. Jesye mosamon ki payshangoe waghera. Main Computer ke ber-aks super Computer ek waqt me ek hi kam kar sakta hai.

Micro Computer:

Ek aam P.C ya personal Computer ko micro computer kehte hai. Ye category is qadar wassi hai ke is me bohat kisim ke computer shamil hai. Bunyadi tor per micro computer se murad ek chota ya light computer lia jata hai. In ki mazid do kisim wazahat ki ja sakti hai.

(1) Desktop

Desktop se murad micro computer hai jo desktop per rakh ker istamal kiya jata hai. Es qisim ke computer ko mustakil tor per ek hi jaga rakha jata hai.aur aam tor per is ke sath 14 ya 15 inch ki screen, floppy driver aur hard disk istamal hota hai. Es ke C.P.U ki speed ko GiGa hurts me napa jata hai aur hard disk ki Estadad ko GiGa bit se napa jata hai. Desktop computers ki istadad kaar me roz ba roz behteren hoti ja rahi hai aur ya karoobari aur samaji zindagi ke her shoby me ahameyat hasil kerta ja raha hai. Desktop ki ek aur shakal hoti hai jis me system unit ko monitor ke niche nai rakha jata balke is ke pehlo me rakha jata hai. Ya bhi aik aytebar se desktop hi me aatay hai laykeen in ko mini tower ya tower kay naam se bhi pukara jata hai.

(2) Laptop

Laptop es computer ko kaha jata hai jis ko lap me rakha ja sake. Laptop ko aksar battry se current di jati hai. Es ki screen briefcase ke balai hise ki tarah es ke sath hi lagi hoti hai. Ebtadai laptop is kadar wazni hote the ke agar inhe ziyada dair tang per rakha jae to tang sun hojae laykeen ab halki phulki laptop aa rahi hai. Laptop k ek chotey version ko note book kaha jata hai ye takreban haqiqe note book ki size ke hote hai aur in ko ba-aasani ek briefcase me rakha ja sakta hai. Micro technology me bari tazi se tabdeli aa rahi hai cheezein choti se choti hoti ja rahi hai ab hatheli ke size ke computers aam tor per istamal hone lage hain in ko palmtop kehte hai. ye bunyadi tor per ek dairy ki tarah istamal hote hai jin me roz-marah ammor ki tafseel aur telephon numbers rakhe ja sakte hai in ko persnol digital asstant ya PDA kaha jata hai.

Terminal and Docking Station

Terminal:

Computer ke hawale se ek aam lafz terminal sun-ne me ata hai yaad rakhein ke terminal se murad inputperifrl devices hai jinhe aagay kisi computer ke sath lagaya jata hai aam tor per terminal ek screen aur ek board per mushtamil hota hai, in ka kaam sirf input hasil kerna aur input data ko computer tak pochana hota hai. Computing ke amal me is ka koi kirdar nahi hota kun ke ye demagh se aari hota hai ya processing ke mutalik tamam kaam main computer ko bhejta hai jo kisi dosre jaga rakha hota hai ta-hum jab terminal ko 2x2 kerne kehte hai to terminal ye sawal computer ko bhejta hai aur waha se wo sawal process ho ker jawab ki sorat me terminal me zahir hota hai.

Docking station:

Docking station is unite ko kehte hai jo intaqal pazir (portable) computers jese laptop aur note book ko desktop me tabdeel kerta hai Portable computer ko is unite se munsalik kia jata hai aur is ke sath external ki board, bari screen, power supply aur aksar awqat ek mouse bhi laga dia jata hai umda kisim ke section net working ki saholat bhi fraham ker sakte hai. Ek docking station ke baes mobail computer ke intaqal pazir aur desktop ki karkerdagi back waqt hasil ki jati hai. Aksar log jo apne hamrah laptop ya note book rakhte hai wo ghar aur daftar dono jaga docking station istamal karna pasand kerte hai